Endocrine Abstracts

Thyroid hormone (TH) and TH receptors (TRs) α and β are currently perceived as prototypical nuclear receptors, acting by binding to TH response elements (TREs) in regulatory regions of target genes. This nuclear signaling is long established as the canonical pathway for TH action. However, TRs can also act non-canonically, independent from DNA binding and outside the nucleus, by modulating second messenger signaling in vitro. Whether such non-canonical TR ac...

Thyroid hormone (TH) and TH receptors (TRs) α and β are currently perceived as prototypical nuclear receptors, acting by binding to TH response elements (TREs) in regulatory regions of target genes. This nuclear signaling is long established as the canonical pathway for TH action. However, TRs can also act non-canonically, independent from DNA binding and outside the nucleus, by modulating second messenger signaling in vitro. Whether such non-canonical TR ac...

Thyroid hormone (TH) and TH receptors (TRs) α and β act by binding to TH response elements (TREs) in regulatory regions of target genes. This nuclear signaling is established as the canonical or type 1 pathway for TH action. Nevertheless, TRs also rapidly activate intracellular second-messenger signaling pathways independently of gene expression (noncanonical or type 3 TR signaling). To test the physiological relevance of noncanonical TR signaling, we generated knock...

Positron emission tomography (PET) using the glucose analog tracer fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) is today a widely available and highly useful functional imaging modality. Thus, FDG-PET has proved its clinical worth in particularly malignancy detection and treatment monitoring and is now often a first-line choice in the diagnostics of a range of diseases. However, PET is also an excellent tool for non-invasive measurement of metabolic processes, pathophysiology and pharmacokineti...

IntroductionThe importance of calcium intake from dairy has been investigated in several studies with discrepant results. Meta-analyses have shown beneficial effects of dairy intake on cardiovascular health with an inverse association between intake and cardiovascular disease. However, a recent trial has suggested an increase in blood pressure in the hours following intake of 1000 mg of calcium citrate compared with placebo. So far, it has not been inves...

Background and objectiveAn increased risk of fractures in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been reported in a number of relatively small studies. Performing a systematic literature search we identified available studies and calculated common estimates by pooling results from the individual studies in a meta-analysis.Methods: Searching EMBASE and PubMed using both free text word search and Mesh terms we identified published st...

Introduction: Hereditary hypophosphatemia (HH) are rare diseases, characterized by increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), excessive renal phosphate wasting and inappropriately low 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D causing hypophosphatemia. In children, the diseases manifest as rickets and osteomalacia, in adults only osteomalacia. Studies in cardiovascular risk among patients with HH are few and inconclusive. Some have found left ventricular hypertrophy in children an...

The gut microbiota contributes to postnatal development and maturation by influencing barrier functions of the intestinal wall, the development of the immune system, and the utilisation of nutrients. Recent studies have also implicated a role in the prenatal period since the maternal gut microbiota is altered during pregnancy with a potential role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and protection against preterm birth. Using as a model system germ-free mice that have nev...

Introduction: Multiple adverse health outcomes are reported in response to low vitamin D and/or hyperparathyroidism.Aim and methods: A cross-sectional study in a random sample of mainly non-vitamin D supplemented Danish women (N=1580) during winter-time. We investigated prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency, hyperparathyroidism, general health and quality of life (QoL) as assessed by a general health questionnaire and a validated hyperparathyroi...

Conventional therapy for chronic hypoparathyroidism is oral calcium and active vitamin D; despite treatment, chronic hypoparathyroidism may be associated with increased risk of renal complications. Without the effect of parathyroid hormone on renal tubular reabsorption, calcium-conserving and phosphaturic effects are lost, serum calcium levels are reduced and serum phosphate levels are increased. This may lead to hypercalciuria and hyperphosphataemia, which may be associated w...